Papers/2611.06989
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The Two-Ledger Model: Transaction-Grain Cost Accounting for Multi-Agent AI Systems Across Clouds, Models, and Systems of Record

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cost accountingmulti-agent systemscloud computingAI telemetry
2611.06989
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3h ago

Abstract

The paper proposes a Two-Ledger Model to address the challenge of accurately accounting for AI costs in multi-agent systems across various platforms.

Reality Card

Core Claim

The Two-Ledger Model effectively reconciles settlement-grain billing data with invocation-grain usage records, achieving over 99% cost coverage in simulations.

Method / Result

The reconciliation residual recovers unmetered spend within 0.24 percentage points while flagging provider billing errors.

Limitations

The model's effectiveness may vary based on the accuracy of trace propagation and the completeness of invocation-grain records.

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